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1. NiMH and Li-ion are both suitable to be used as EV battery. 2. Li-ion battery is better than NiMH when it is used as battery of Pure electric vehicle, since it has higher energy density than NiMH. 3. Two kinds of battery are to...
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1. NiMH and Li-ion are both suitable to be used as EV battery. 2. Li-ion battery is better than NiMH when it is used as battery of Pure electric vehicle, since it has higher energy density than NiMH. 3. Two kinds of battery are too expensive to be commercial used in electric vehicle. Li-ion battery is more expensive than NiMH battery 4. Both two kinds of battery need management system to ensure their safety. 5. The uniformity of batteries in one pack is very important.
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摘要 :
1. NiMH and Li-ion are both suitable to be used as EV battery. 2. Li-ion battery is better than NiMH when it is used as battery of Pure electric vehicle, since it has higher energy density than NiMH. 3. Two kinds of battery are t...
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1. NiMH and Li-ion are both suitable to be used as EV battery. 2. Li-ion battery is better than NiMH when it is used as battery of Pure electric vehicle, since it has higher energy density than NiMH. 3. Two kinds of battery are too expensive to be commercial used in electric vehicle. Li-ion battery is more expensive than NiMH battery 4. Both two kinds of battery need management system to ensure their safety. 5. The uniformity of batteries in one pack is very important.
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Requirements change has become a great challenge in software development, in order to control requirements change more effectively, itȁ9;s necessary to extend or improve the traditional Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. T...
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Requirements change has become a great challenge in software development, in order to control requirements change more effectively, itȁ9;s necessary to extend or improve the traditional Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Thus, on the basis of model of SECI a new methodology called Dynamic Quality Function Deployment (DQFD) is put forward in this study. Then, combining with the software structure design method of Quantification Method of Type 3, DQFD is applied to control requirements change, Syncretizing the theory and method of knowledge management and an approach called software requirements change management based on DQFD is proposed. The applicability and validity of the proposed approach are testified through its application to an actual software development project, and these results further consummate the theory framework of this paper.
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The optical characteristics of substrates are the essential content of research work for thin film optics. The spectrophotometer is one of the important instruments to test transmittance and reflectance of different substrates or ...
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The optical characteristics of substrates are the essential content of research work for thin film optics. The spectrophotometer is one of the important instruments to test transmittance and reflectance of different substrates or coating components. The test accuracy of transmission spectrum of the substrates has direct influenced on optical constants reverse engineering of thin film on the substrate. In this paper, SCHOTT grade LITHOSIL_QO fused silica substrate was chosen as standard substrate and was tested transmission spectrum in region 380nm-860nm to use the Lambda-900 spectrophotometer. By comparing the measured transmission spectrum with standard SCHOTT grade LITHOSIL_QO fused silica substrate transmission spectrum can be calculated measured errors. In the experiments, the orthogonal experimental design method is used. Sample pool aperture, scan speed, slit width and sampling data interval operating parameters were chosen as key factors (three levels were chosen in each factor). L_9 (3~4) orthogonal table was used for analysis the experiments results. Nine experiment results analyzed to determine the operating parameters of the influence measured accuracy were as follows: the sample pool aperture, scan speed, slit width, the sampling data interval. Finally, no iris, scan speed 250nm/s, slit width 3nm, sampling data interval 1 nm were used a combination of the operating parameters to measure of transmission spectrum of the SCHOTT grade LITHOSIL_QO samples. Measured maximum and minimum absolute error are 0.1355% and 0.0771%, respectively. The operating parameters could be applied to transmittance spectrum test of every substrate, or the spectrum could be extended.
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Microwave photonics radar generates signals with large bandwidth and cross-spectrum. It has the capability of ultra-high resolution of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar(ISAR) image and more electromagnetic information. The large-ba...
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Microwave photonics radar generates signals with large bandwidth and cross-spectrum. It has the capability of ultra-high resolution of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar(ISAR) image and more electromagnetic information. The large-bandwidth signal simulated by the scattering point model cannot accurately characterize the electromagnetic scattering of a target, and the imaging results are not realistic enough according to the acquired images. This paper proposes a method for electromagnetic scattering calculation based on the Local Coordinate Improved Moller (LCIM) algorithm to solve this problem. Our algorithm adaptively processes the facets in the local coordinate, which makes the redundant tube eliminated. And the LCIM algorithm simplifies the solution formula so that the intersection can be calculated in parallel through the matrix. Because of the difference between the acquired images and the simulation results of the simplified model, the normal vector adjustment factor (NVAF) is introduced to make the imaging results of the fully polarized backscatter more realistic. The results of the satellite model with the condition of the large band and wide-angle demonstrate the feasibility of our method.
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Brand culture connotation enhances the brand's value-added ability and competitiveness. On the basis of clarifying brand concept and brand culture, this paper probes into the most important quality factors in the brand culture ele...
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Brand culture connotation enhances the brand's value-added ability and competitiveness. On the basis of clarifying brand concept and brand culture, this paper probes into the most important quality factors in the brand culture elements, analyzes the importance of quality to the brand, and expounds the communication channels and routes of brand culture from enterprises to consumers with the Internet thinking. This paper takes Eral Group as an example and carries out surveys. On the basis of survey data, this paper, combining relevant theories, carries out case analysis.
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Fashion is always a theme, a trend and also the focus of apparel enterprises competition. It increases the intensity of competition in the apparel market. The customer value is the source to obtain sustainable competitive advantag...
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Fashion is always a theme, a trend and also the focus of apparel enterprises competition. It increases the intensity of competition in the apparel market. The customer value is the source to obtain sustainable competitive advantage source for fashion apparel enterprises. Based on the discussion of customer value theory, this paper uses the methods of factor analysis, case investigation and interview to analyze the driving factors of customer value of garment enterprises in Zhejiang province. The key factors are quality, function, price and brand according to the degree of importance. This paper provides reference to create customer value for garment enterprises and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
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More and more hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are coming into commercial use, which will lead to energy saving and cleaner air. But how to evaluate the emission performance of HEVs is strongly requested by the motor vehicle regist...
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More and more hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are coming into commercial use, which will lead to energy saving and cleaner air. But how to evaluate the emission performance of HEVs is strongly requested by the motor vehicle registration department and the users as well as the makers. When we carry out the tests of the exhaust pollutant of conventional heavy-duty motor vehicles, we only do the test on engine assembly, for instance, with 13-mode or 9-mode. But the emission characteristics of a HEV is connected with the harmonization between power train and complete vehicle in which exists a complex running combination. Therefore, we could not get the overall test results of a HEV only by testing the engine. The best way to conduct an emission test for a HEV is to utilize a large-scale chassis dynamometer with exhaust pollutant analyzer; however, such chassis dynamometer is rarely available even all over the world. Experts of many countries in this field are studying the new test methods for replacing chassis dynamometer test. Based on this, we propose some substitution solutions. According to the test facilities available at hand, we put forward three kinds of solutions. The first is Simple Sampling with some instruments newly developed in Japan and USA, or a CVS system for light-duty vehicles; the second is Map Mapping, in which the engine is tested independently under the same work condition and with the same output characteristics as running in hybrid mode. The last one is based on the emission test reports of some HEVs. This article will concentrate on the principles, detailed procedure of those three solutions and analyzing their advantages or disadvantages.
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